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499 489 479 469 459 449 439 429 419 409
498 488 478 468 458 448 438 428 418 408
497 487 477 467 457 447 437 427 417 407
496 486 476 466 456 446 436 426 416 406
495 485 475 465 455 445 435 425 415 405
494 484 474 464 454 444 434 424 414 404
493 483 473 463 453 443 433 423 413 403
492 482 472 462 452 442 432 422 412 402
491 481 471 461 451 441 431 421 411 401
490 480 470 460 450 440 430 420 410 400

499
Roman Siege of Fidenae
Romans capture Crustumeria
Praenests secedes from Latins to Rome
Ionian cities revolt against Persian rule with Athenian support
Titus Aebutius +- (Rome) (499) Consul
Gaius Vetusius +- (Rome) (499) Consul
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
498
Quintus Cloelius +- (Rome) (498) Consul
Titus Larcius +- (Rome) (498) Consul
Amyntas I - (Macedon)
Alexander I + (Macedon)
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
497
Roman Temple of Saturn dedicated - first celebration of Saturnalia (Livy)
Aulus Sempronius +- (Rome) (497) Consul
Marcus Minucius +- (Rome) (497) Consul
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
496
Battle of Lake Regillus - Romans defeat the Tarquin faction for good
Aulus Postumius +- (Rome) (496) Consul (2nd Dictator)
Titus Verginius +- (Rome) (496) Consul
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Sophocles 496-406
495
Roman temple is dedicated to Mercury (5/15/495)
Tarquin Superbus dies in exile at Cumae
Roman tribes increased to twenty-one
Volscians and Hernici clamor for war against Rome
Appius Claudius +- (Rome) (495) Consul
Publius Servilius +- (Rome) (495) Consul
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Protagoras 495-410
Zeno 495-430
494
Miletus destroyed by Darius I - Ionian revolt crushed
Plebians in Rome revolt and win political rights from patricians
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
493
Treaty between Rome and Latin League for defence against Etruscans
Themistocles + (Athens) archon
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
492
Mardonius leads Persian invasion of Greece - fleet destroyed by storm
Themistocles - (Athens) archon
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
491
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru + (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
490
Battle of Marathon - Persian expedition against Athens defeated (9/490)
Second Persian expedition against Greece
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Empedocles 490-430
489
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
488
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
487
Athenian archons now selected by lot - decline of Areopagus
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
486
Darius I ... (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
485
Xerxes I demands tribute from Greek states - most is refused
Darius I - (Persia) (522-485) King PC 23*
Xerxes I + (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
484
Aeschylus wins his first prize for tragedy
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Herodotus 484-420 Historian
483
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Siddhartha Gautama ca. 563-483 Founder of Buddhism
482
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
481
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
480
Battle of Thermopylae - Greek rearguard destroyed (8/11/480)
Battle of Salamis - Greeks fleet defeats Persians (9/480)
Third Persian Expedition - Xerxes invades Greece with 180,000 men
Battle of Artemesium
Themistocles sole general
Battle of Himera - Carthaginian invasion of Sicily defeated
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Antiphon 480-411
Gorgias 480-375
Euripides 480-406
479
Battle of Platea - Greek army defeats Persian army
Battle of Mount Mycale - Persian fleet is destroyed
Persian Wars end
Persia loses Macedon, Thrace, and Cyrenaica
Athens and Piraeus fortified
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
K'ung Fu-tzu (Confucius) 551-479
478
Delian League established to liberate Greek cities from Persian control
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
477
Athens starts rise to power
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
476
SPRING and AUTUMN PERIOD - (770-476)
Archidamus II + (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Ji Gai (Jing Wang) - (China) Spring and Autumn
475
WARRING STATES PERIOD + (476-221)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I + (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Ji Ren (Yuan Wang) + (China) Spring and Autumn
Parmenides - opposition of reality (changeless) to appearance (changing)
Heraclitus of Ephesus 540-475
474
LATE CHOU + (474-250)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
473
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
472
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
471
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
470
Themistocles ostracized
Carthaginian leader Hanno sails down African coast as far as Cameroon
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
469
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Ji Ren (Yuan Wang) - (China) Spring and Autumn
Socrates 469-399
Parmenides of Elea 539-469
468
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Zhending + (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
Mahavira 540-468
Simonides 556-468
467
Land taken from Volscians in Antium divided among plebeian families - many hold out for land closer to Rome
Quintus Fabius invades Aequian territory - Aequians surrender but soon after invade Latium
Titus Aemilius +- (Rome) (467) Consul
Quintus Fabius +- (Rome) (467) Consul
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
466
Second year of Roman campaign against Aequians
>Battle of Eurymedon - Delian League led by Cimon defeats Persia
Quintus Servilius +- (Rome) (466) Consul
Spurius Postumius +- (Rome) (466) Consul
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I ... (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
465
Third year of the Roman campaign against the Aequians
Fabius' envoys to Aeqiuans are rebuffed as they send a force against Romans at Algidus
Battle of Algidus - both consular armies send Aequians on their heels
Roman Census: 104,714 (Livy 3.3)
Quintus Fabius +- (Rome) (465) Consul
Titus Quinctius +- (Rome) (465) Consul
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I - (Persia) (485-465) King (Achaemenid) PC 24*
Artaxerxes I + (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
464
Rome at war against combined Volscian/Aequian/Roman defector force
Massive earthquake in Peloponnese devastates Sparta
Cimon's 4000 hoplite force of assistance declined by Spartans - wary of democratic reforms in Athens
Aulus Postumius Albus +- (Rome) (464) Consul
Spurius Furius Fuscus +- (Rome) (464) Consul
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
463
Plague in Rome kills thousands, including the two consuls for the year
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
462
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ajatashatru ... (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
461
Cimon ostracized from Athens
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles + (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ajatashatru - (Magadha Empire) (491-461) King
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
460
Age of Pericles begins (-429)
First Peloponnesian War (460-451)
Egyptians rebel against Persian rule
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
Democritus 460-360
Hippocrates 460-377
Thucydides 460-400
Panini 520-460 Indian Grammarian (Gandhara)
Themistocles 524-460
459
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
Lysias 459-380
458
Agamemnon (Aeschylus)
Oresteia (Aeschylus)
Beginning of Pericles' predominance
Sparta negotiates truce with the helots end of third Messenian War
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Line)
Pleistoanax + (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
457
The "long walls" secure Athens from attack by land
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
456
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
Aeschylus 525-456
455
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
454
Treasury of Delian League moved to Athens
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Alexander I - (Macedon)
Perdiccas II + (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
453
Warring States in China (453-221)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
452
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
451
Five Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta
Officials' salaries paid by state in Athens
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
450
Twelve Tables of Rome, early code of Roman Law
Herodotus visits Egypt
Carthage develops new trading centers along north and west African coasts
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
Alcibiades 450-404
Aristophanes 450-388
449
Peace of Callias - Athens makes peace with Persia - end of Persian Wars
Sacred War between Athens and Sparta over control of the oracle at Delphi (449-448)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
448
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
447
Parthenon construction begins - work of the architect Ictinus
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
446
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres I ... (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
445
Thirty Years Peace - between Athens and Sparta (446)
Lex Canuleia - permits intermarriage between patrician and plebian orders (Roman)
Nehemiah the Prophet rebuilds walls of Jerusalem
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Teres - (Odrysian Thrace) (475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
444
Consuls temporarily replaced by military tribunes in Rome
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
443
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
442
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending ... (Eastern Zhou) (468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and Autumn
441
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Zhending - (Eastern Zhou) (468-441)28th King (Ji Jie) Spring & Autumn
Ai +- (Eastern Zhou) (441) Warring States
Si +- (Eastern Zhou) (441) Warring States
440
Plebians in Rome win right to marry patricians
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao + (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Antisthenes 440-370
Yang Chu 440-360
Epicharmus 530-440
439
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
438
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Pindar 522-438
437
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
436
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Isocrates 436-338
435
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Aristippus of Cyrene 435-356
Phidias 500-435
434
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Xenophon 434-355
433
Athens intervenes with Corcyra against Corinth
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
432
Parthenon construction complete
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
431
Peloponnesian War starts - Archidamian phase (431-421)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
430
Plague at Athens (430-429)
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles ... (Athens) (461-429)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Empedocles 490-430
Zeno 495-430
429
Oedipus Rex (Sophocles)
>Acropolis construction complete
Pericles dies of the plague
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Pericles - (Athens) (461-429)
Cleon + (Athens)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
428
Archidamus II ... (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Archytas of Tarentum 428-347
Anaxagoras of Clazomemae 500-428
427
Archidamus II - (Sparta) (476-427) King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao ... (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
Plato 427-347
426
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Kao - (Eastern Zhou) (440-426) King (Ji Wei) Warring States
425
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I ... (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Ji Wu (Wei Lie Wang) + (China) Warring States
424
Xerxes II of Persia assassinated
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Artaxerxes I - (Persia) (465-424) King (Achaemenid) PC 25*
Xerxes II +- (Persia) (424) King (Achaemenid)
Sogdianus + (Persia) (424-423) King
423
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Sogdianus - (Persia) (424-423) King
Darius II + (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Cratinus 520-423
422
Cleon and Spartan general Brasidias killed at Amphipolis
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
421
Peace of Nicias - between Athens and Sparta - ends Archidamian Phase of Peloponnesian War
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
420
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Herodotus 484-420
419
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
418
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
417
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
416
Melos destroyed by Athens
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
415
War between Athens and Sparta resumes
Syracusan expedition (415-413)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
414
Iphigenia in Tauris (Euripides)
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II ... (Macedon) (454-413) King
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
413
Athenian attack on Sicily fails - major defeat in which most of their ships are destroyed
Spartans establish fort in Attica
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II - (Macedon) (454-413) King
Archelaus + (Macedon)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
412
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Diogenes 412-323
411
Revolution in Athens - Government of the Five Thousand siezes power - but democracy restored
Oligarchy of Four Hundred at Athens
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Antiphon 480-411
410
Alcibiades defeats Spartans off Cyzicus
Democracy restored in Athens
Pleistoanax ... (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Protagoras 495-410
409
Carthage invades Sicily
Pleistoanax - (Sparta) (458-409) King (Agaid Line)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
408
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Eudoxus 408-355
407
Alcibiades, Athenian general, quells revolt of subject states
Battle of Notium
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
406
Battle of Arginusae Islands - Athenians fleet defeats Spartan fleet
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Euripides 480-406
Sophocles 496-406
405
Battle of Aegospotami - last major battle of Peloponnesian War - Lysander's navy defeats Athenian navy
Egypt revolts from Persia
Egypt XXVII -
Egypt XXVIII +
Dionysius I + (Syracuse)
Darius II ... (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
404
Greek cities in Asia Minor given back to Persians
Peloponesian War ends
Spartan hegemony in Greece (-371)
Athens falls to Spartans
Alcibiades assassinated in exile
Government of the Thirty Tyrants
Amyrtaeus of Sais + (Egypt XXVIII) Pausiris
Darius II - (Persia) (423-404) King (Achaemenid) PC 26*
Artaxerxes II + (Persia) (404-358) King (Achaemenid) PC 27*
Alcibiades 450-404
403
Warring States period in China (-221)
Tripartition of the Jin State<
Pausanius restores democracy in Athens
Artaxerxes II ... (Persia) (404-358) King (Achaemenid) PC 27*
402
Democratic reaction led by Thrasybulus
Artaxerxes II ... (Persia) (404-358) King (Achaemenid) PC 27*

Ji Wu (Wei Lie Wang) - (China) Warring States
401
Anabasis (Xenophon)
Expedition of Ten Thousand
Artaxerxes II ... (Persia) (404-358) King (Achaemenid) PC 27*
Ji Jiao (An Wang) + (China) Warring States
400
Athens defeated by Sparta - decline of democracy in Greece
Spartan intervention in Asia Minor (-394)
Retreat of the Ten Thousand - Battle of Cunaxa - Ataxerxes II defeats Greek army under Xenophon
Navigation advances among Pacific islands
Olmec culture declines at La Venta
Artaxerxes II ... (Persia) (404-358) King (Achaemenid) PC 27*
Praxiteles 400-330
Thucydides 460-400




499 489 479 469 459 449 439 429 419 409
498 488 478 468 458 448 438 428 418 408
497 487 477 467 457 447 437 427 417 407
496 486 476 466 456 446 436 426 416 406
495 485 475 465 455 445 435 425 415 405
494 484 474 464 454 444 434 424 414 404
493 483 473 463 453 443 433 423 413 403
492 482 472 462 452 442 432 422 412 402
491 481 471 461 451 441 431 421 411 401
490 480 470 460 450 440 430 420 410 400

500's 400's BCE 300's

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