499
Roman Siege of Fidenae
Romans capture Crustumeria
Praenests secedes from
Latins to Rome
Ionian cities revolt against
Persian rule with Athenian support
Titus Aebutius
+-
(Rome)
(499) Consul
Gaius Vetusius
+-
(Rome)
(499) Consul
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 498
Quintus Cloelius
+-
(Rome)
(498)
Consul
Titus Larcius
+-
(Rome)
(498) Consul
Amyntas I
-
(Macedon)
Alexander I
+
(Macedon)
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 497
Roman Temple of Saturn
dedicated - first celebration of Saturnalia (Livy)
Aulus Sempronius
+-
(Rome)
(497) Consul
Marcus Minucius
+-
(Rome)
(497) Consul
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 496
Battle of Lake Regillus -
Romans defeat the Tarquin faction for good
Aulus Postumius
+-
(Rome)
(496) Consul
(2nd Dictator)
Titus Verginius
+-
(Rome)
(496) Consul
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Sophocles
496-406 495
Roman temple is dedicated to
Mercury (5/15/495)
Tarquin Superbus dies in
exile at Cumae
Roman tribes increased to
twenty-one
Volscians and Hernici clamor
for war against Rome
Appius Claudius
+-
(Rome)
(495) Consul
Publius Servilius
+-
(Rome)
(495) Consul
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Protagoras
495-410
Zeno
495-430 494
Miletus destroyed by Darius
I - Ionian revolt crushed
Plebians in Rome revolt and
win political rights from patricians
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 493
Treaty between Rome and
Latin League for defence against Etruscans
Themistocles
+
(Athens)
archon
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 492
Mardonius leads Persian
invasion of Greece - fleet destroyed by storm
Themistocles
-
(Athens)
archon
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23* 491
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
+
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 490
Battle of Marathon - Persian
expedition against Athens defeated (9/490)
Second Persian expedition
against Greece
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Empedocles
490-430 489
Cleomenes I - (Sparta) (524-490) King
Leonidas + (Sparta) (489-480) King
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhao (Xiong Zhen) - (Chu Kingdom) (515-489)
Hui (Xiong Zhang) + (Chu Kingdom) (489-432)
488
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 487
Athenian archons now
selected by lot - decline of Areopagus
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 486
Darius I
...
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 485
Xerxes I demands tribute
from Greek states - most is refused
Darius I
-
(Persia)
(522-485)
King
PC 23*
Xerxes I
+
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 484
Aeschylus wins his first
prize for tragedy
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Herodotus
484-420
Historian 483
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Siddhartha
Gautama
ca.
563-483
Founder of Buddhism
482
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 481
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 480
Battle of Thermopylae -
Greek rearguard destroyed (8/11/480)
Battle of Salamis - Greeks
fleet defeats Persians (9/480)
Third Persian Expedition -
Xerxes invades Greece with 180,000 men
Battle of Artemesium
Themistocles sole general
Battle of Himera -
Carthaginian invasion of Sicily defeated
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Antiphon
480-411
Gorgias
480-375
Euripides
480-406 479
Battle of Platea - Greek
army defeats Persian army
Battle of Mount Mycale -
Persian fleet is destroyed
Persian Wars end
Persia loses Macedon,
Thrace, and Cyrenaica
Athens and Piraeus fortified
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
K'ung Fu-tzu
(Confucius)
551-479 478
Delian League established to
liberate Greek cities from Persian control
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 477
Athens starts rise to power
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 476
SPRING and AUTUMN PERIOD
-
(770-476)
Archidamus II
+
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Ji Gai (Jing Wang)
-
(China)
Spring
and Autumn 475
WARRING STATES PERIOD +
(476-221)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
+
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Ji Ren (Yuan Wang)
+
(China)
Spring
and Autumn Parmenides - opposition of
reality (changeless) to appearance (changing)
Heraclitus of
Ephesus
540-475 474
LATE CHOU + (474-250)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 473
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 472 (Persai) (Aeschylus)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 471
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 470
Themistocles ostracized
Carthaginian leader Hanno
sails down African coast as far as Cameroon
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King 469
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Ji Ren (Yuan Wang)
-
(China)
Spring
and Autumn
Socrates
469-399
Parmenides of
Elea
539-469 468
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Zhending
+
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) King (Ji
Jie) Spring
and Autumn
Mahavira
540-468
Simonides
556-468 467
Land taken from Volscians in
Antium divided among plebeian families - many hold out for land closer
to Rome
Quintus Fabius invades
Aequian territory - Aequians surrender but soon after invade Latium
Titus Aemilius
+-
(Rome)
(467) Consul
Quintus Fabius
+-
(Rome)
(467) Consul
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia/Egypt)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring and
Autumn 466
Second year of Roman
campaign against Aequians
Battle of Eurymedon - Delian
League led by Cimon defeats Persia
Quintus Servilius
+-
(Rome)
(466) Consul
Spurius Postumius
+-
(Rome)
(466) Consul
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
...
(Persia/Egypt)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 465
Xerxes I is assassinated (8/24/465)
Roman army marches to Mount Algidus after the Aequi reject treaty
Roman Census: 104,714 (Livy
3.3)
Quintus Fabius
+-
(Rome)
(465) Consul
Titus Quinctius
+-
(Rome)
(465) Consul
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Xerxes I
-
(Persia/Egypt)
(485-465)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 24*
Artaxerxes I
+
(Persia/Egypt)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 464
Rome at war against combined
Volscian/Aequian/Roman defector force
Massive earthquake in
Peloponnese devastates Sparta
Cimon's 4000 hoplite force
of assistance declined by Spartans - wary of democratic reforms in
Athens
Aulus Postumius Albus +-
(Rome)
(464) Consul
Spurius Furius Fuscus +-
(Rome)
(464) Consul
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 463
Plague in Rome kills
thousands, including the two consuls for the year
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 462 Spring and Autumn Annals (China)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ajatashatru
...
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 461
Cimon ostracized from Athens
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles
+
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ajatashatru
-
(Magadha
Empire)
(491-461) King
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 460
Age of Pericles begins
(-429)
First Peloponnesian War (460-451)
Egyptians rebel against
Persian rule
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn
Democritus
460-360
Hippocrates
460-377
Thucydides
460-400
Panini
520-460
Indian Grammarian (Gandhara)
Themistocles
524-460 459
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn
Lysias
459-380 458 Agamemnon (Aeschylus) part one of Oresteia trilogy
Beginning of Pericles'
predominance
Sparta negotiates truce with
the helots end of third Messenian War
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Line)
Pleistoanax
+
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 457
The "long walls"
secure Athens from attack by land
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 456
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn
Aeschylus
525-456 455
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 454
Treasury of Delian League
moved to Athens
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Alexander I
-
(Macedon)
Perdiccas II
+
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 453
Warring States in China
(453-221)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 452
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 451
Five Years' Peace between
Athens and Sparta
Officials' salaries paid by
state in Athens
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 450
Twelve Tables of Rome, early
code of Roman Law
Herodotus visits Egypt
Carthage develops new
trading centers along north and west African coasts
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn
Alcibiades
450-404
Aristophanes
450-388 449
Peace of Callias - Athens
makes peace with Persia - end of Persian Wars
Sacred War between Athens
and Sparta over control of the oracle at Delphi (449-448)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 448
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 447
Parthenon construction begins -
work of the architect Ictinus
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25* 446
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres I
...
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 445
Thirty Years Peace - between
Athens and Sparta (446)
Lex Canuleia - permits intermarriage
between patrician and plebian orders (Roman)
Nehemiah the Prophet
rebuilds walls of Jerusalem
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Teres
-
(Odrysian
Thrace)
(475-445) 1st King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 444
Consuls temporarily replaced by
military tribunes in Rome
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II ...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 443
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 442
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441) 28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
and Autumn 441
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Zhending
-
(Eastern
Zhou)
(468-441)28th King (Ji Jie) Spring
& Autumn
Ai
+-
(Eastern
Zhou)
(441) Warring States
Si
+-
(Eastern
Zhou)
(441) Warring States 440
Plebians in Rome win right to
marry patricians
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
+
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Antisthenes
440-370
Yang
Chu
440-360
Epicharmus
530-440 439
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 438
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Pindar
522-438 437
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 436
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Isocrates
436-338 435
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Aristippus of
Cyrene
435-356
Phidias
500-435 434
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Xenophon
434-355 433
Athens intervenes with Corcyra
against Corinth
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 432 Parthenon construction complete
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 431
Second Peloponnesian War starts -
Archidamian phase (431-421)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 430
Plague at Athens (430-429)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
...
(Athens)
(461-429)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I ...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Empedocles
490-430
Zeno
495-430 429 Oedipus Rex (Sophocles) Acropolis construction
complete
Pericles dies of the plague
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Pericles
-
(Athens)
(461-429)
Cleon
+
(Athens)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 428 Hippolytus (Euripides)
Archidamus II
...
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Archytas of
Tarentum
428-347
Anaxagoras of
Clazomemae
500-428 427
Archidamus II
-
(Sparta)
(476-427)
King (Eurypontid Dynasty)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
...
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States
Plato
427-347 426
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Kao
-
(Eastern
Zhou)
(440-426) King (Ji Wei)
Warring
States 425 Histories (Herodotus)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
...
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Ji Wu (Wei Lie Wang) +
(China)
Warring
States 424
Xerxes II of Persia
assassinated
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Artaxerxes I
-
(Persia)
(465-424)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 25*
Xerxes II
+-
(Persia)
(424)
King (Achaemenid)
Sogdianus
+
(Persia)
(424-423)
King 423
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Sogdianus
-
(Persia)
(424-423)
King
Darius II
+
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Cratinus
520-423 422
Cleon and Spartan general
Brasidias killed at Amphipolis
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 421
Peace of Nicias - between
Athens and Sparta - ends Archidamian Phase of Peloponnesian War
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 420
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Herodotus
484-420 419
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 418
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 417
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 416
Melos destroyed by Athens
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 415
War between Athens and
Sparta resumes
Syracusan expedition (415-413)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 414 Iphigenia in Tauris (Euripides)
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
...
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 413
Athenian attack on Sicily
fails - major defeat in which most of their ships are destroyed
Spartans establish fort in
Attica
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Perdiccas II
-
(Macedon)
(454-413)
King
Archelaus
+
(Macedon)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 412
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Diogenes
412-323 411
Revolution in Athens -
Government of the Five Thousand siezes power - but democracy restored
Oligarchy of Four Hundred at
Athens
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Antiphon
480-411 410 Alcibiades defeats Spartans
off Cyzicus
Democracy restored in Athens
Pleistoanax
...
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Protagoras
495-410 409
Carthage invades Sicily
Pleistoanax
-
(Sparta)
(458-409)
King (Agaid Line)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 408
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Eudoxus of Cnidus
(408-355) Astronomer/Mathematician
407
Alcibiades, Athenian
general, quells revolt of subject states
Battle of Notium
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 406
Battle of Arginusae Islands
- Athenians fleet defeats Spartan fleet
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26*
Euripides
480-406
Sophocles
496-406 405
Battle of Aegospotami - last
major battle of Peloponnesian War - Lysander's navy defeats Athenian navy
Egypt revolts from Persia
Egypt XXVII -
Egypt XXVIII +
Dionysius I
+
(Syracuse)
Darius II
...
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 26* 404
Greek cities in Asia Minor
given back to Persians
Peloponesian War ends
Spartan hegemony in Greece
(-371)
Athens falls to Spartans
Alcibiades assassinated in
exile
Government of the Thirty
Tyrants
Amyrtaeus of Sais
+
(Egypt
XXVIII)
Pausiris
Darius II
-
(Persia)
(423-404)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC
26*
Artaxerxes
II
+
(Persia)
(404-358)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 27*
Alcibiades
450-404 403
Warring States period in
China (-221)
Tripartition of the Jin
State<
Pausanius restores democracy
in Athens
Artaxerxes II
...
(Persia)
(404-358)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 27* 402
Democratic reaction led by
Thrasybulus
Artaxerxes II
...
(Persia)
(404-358)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 27*
Ji Wu (Wei Lie Wang)
-
(China)
Warring
States 401 Anabasis (Xenophon)
Expedition of Ten Thousand
Artaxerxes II
...
(Persia)
(404-358)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 27*
Ji Jiao (An Wang)
+
(China)
Warring
States 400
Athens defeated by Sparta -
decline of democracy in Greece
Spartan intervention in Asia
Minor (-394)
Retreat of the Ten Thousand
- Battle of Cunaxa - Ataxerxes II defeats Greek army under Xenophon
Navigation advances among
Pacific islands
Olmec culture declines at La
Venta
Artaxerxes II
...
(Persia)
(404-358)
King
(Achaemenid)
PC 27*
Praxiteles
400-330
Thucydides
460-400