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1400
Richard II murdered
(or
starved)
in captivity at Pontefract Castle (2/17/1400)
Owen Glendower proclaims
himself Prince of Wales and begins rebellion
Holy Roman Emperor
Wenceslaus IV is deposed for drunkenness
Aztec empire (-1519)
Codex Faenza (Bonadies)
compiled (1400-1420)
Wenceslaus Luxemburg
- (Holy
Roman
Empire)
(1378-) Emperor (deposed)
Rupert
+
(Holy
Roman
Empire)
(-1410) (Wittelsbach)
Alexander the Good +
(Moldavia)
Prince
Binchois,
Gilles
1400-1460
Musician
della Robbia,
Lucca
1400-1482
Sculptor
Dufay,
Guillaume
1400-1474
Composer
Chaucer,
Geoffrey
1340-1400
1401
Kazan founded
Tamerlane conquers Damascus
and Baghdad
Masaccio
1401-1428
Nicolas of
Cusa
1401-1464
Sforza, Francesco
I
1401-1466
Duke
1402
Juan de Bethencourt sets
sail from La Rochelle with 53 men to Canary Islands (5/1)
Henry IV enters Wales in
pursuit of Glendower
Gian Galeazzo Visconti of
Milan dies
Tamerlane defeats Bajazet I
Yilderim - takes most of Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Interregnum -
Bajazet's sons Suleiman and Musa vie for throne (-1413)
Malacca founded
Spanish conquest of the
Canary Islands begins - expedition of Juan de Bethencourt & Gadifer
de la
Salle
Gian Galeazzo
Visconti
-
(Milan)
(1385-1402)
Duke
Bayezid
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan (Bajazet) (Lightning)
Huizong
-
(Ming
China)
(1399-1402) 2nd of Ming Dynasty
(Jianwen Era)
1403
Battle of Shrewsbury - Percy
family rebels - Henry IV defeats and kills Harry "Hotspur" Percy
(7/21)
Chengzu
+
(Ming
China)
(1402-1425) 3rd of Ming Dynasty
(Yongle Era)
Charles
VII +
(France)
1403-1461
King
of France
Nezahualcoyotl
1403-1473
1404
Concerning Liberal Studies
(Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder)
Owain Glyndwr of Wales
declares himself Prince of Wales - allies with French against Henry
Bolingbroke
(6/14)
Pope Innocent VII succeeds
Boniface IX (10/17)
Albert IV
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Albert
Albert V
+
(Austria)
Duke
House of Albert
Ladislas of Durazzo
+
(Naples)
(1404-1414) King
Boniface IX
-
Rome
Innocent VII
+
Rome
Alberti, Leon
Battista
1404-1472
Daret,
Jacques
1404-1470
Froissart,
Jean
1337-1404
1405
Timurlane dies (2/15/1405)
French soldiers land in
Wales to support Glendower with initial success
Duchy of Burgundy (1405-1477)
Voyages of Cheng Ho (Zheng
He) - sails from Southeast Asia along Indian coasts to Ethiopia
(-1433)
Margaret
-
(Flanders)
Countess
Philip the Bold
-
(Flanders)
Count
(from Burgundy/ Son of John II France)
Tamerlane
1336-1405
Conqueror
(Kesh , near Samarkand)
1406
English capture James I of
Scotland (1406-1423)
Henry - Prince of Wales -
defeats Welsh
Venice conquers Padua
Robert III
-
(Scotland)
King
James I
+
(Scotland)
King
Henry III
-
(Castile)
John II
+
(Castile)
William
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Leopold
Ernst
+
(Austria)
Duke
House of Leopold
Innocent VII
-
Rome
Gregory XII
+
Rome
Lippi,
Filippo
1406-1469
Khaldun,
Ibn
-1406
Historian (Arab)
Salutati,
Coluccio
1331-1406
1407
Louis duc d'Orleans is
assassinated - precipitates civil war between Armagnacs and Burgundians
(11/23)
1408
Yongle's Encyclopedia is
completed (1403-1408)
Gotland passses under Danish
rule
Order of the Dragon is
created by Sigismund to protect the royal household
Mahommed VI
-
(Granada)
Youcef III
+
(Granada)
Malory, Sir
Thomas
1408-1471
Writer
(England)
1409
Council of Pisa - called to
resolve the Great Schism - declares the rival popes deposed and elects
a third - John XXIII
Alexander V
(antipope)
+
Pisa
1410
Battle of Tannenberg -
Ladislaus of Poland defeats the Teutonic League (7/15)
Black Sheep Tukomans take
Baghdad
Rupert
-
(Holy
Roman
Empire)
(1400-) (Wittelsbach)
Sigisimund
+
(Holy
Roman
Empire)
(-1437) Emperor (Luxemburg)
Martin I
+
(Aragon)
the
Humane
Alexander V
(antipope)
-
Pisa
John XXIII (antipope)
+
Pisa
(Baldassarre Cossa) 5/24
Ockeghem,
Johannes
1410-1497
Theophanes
1330-1410
1411
Peace of Torun of 1411 -
ends Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (2/1)
Leopold IV
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Leopold
1412
Medici family are made
official bankers of the papacy (1/16)
Go-Komatsu abdicates as
Emperor of Japan - Emperor Shoko succeeds (10/5)
Margrethe I
-
(Denmark)
Eric VII
+
(Denmark)
of
Pomerania
Margrethe I
-
(Norway)
Margrethe
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung
Ferdinand I
+
(Aragon)
Go-Komatsu
-
(Japan)
(1392-1412)
100th
Emperor
Arc,
Joan of
1412-1431
Ciconia,
Johannes
1370-1412
Musician
1413
Henry V becomes king of
England (3/21)
Henry IV
-
(England)
(1399-1413) King
(s. John of Gaunt) (Bolingbroke)
Henry V
+
(England)
(1413-1422) King
Muhammed I
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Mahmud Nasir ud din - (Tughlaq
Dynasty)
Sultan at Delhi
1414
Council of Constance convenes -- called
by John XIII - deposes John - persuades Gregory to resign - Benedict
XIII
isolated (11/16) (1414-1418)
Sayyid (Syed) sultans
dynasty begins in India (-1451)
Poggio Bracciolini discovers
Quintilian's De institutione oratoria at the monastery of St Galen,
Switzerland
Ladislas of Durazzo
+
(Naples)
(1404-1414) King
Gregory XII -
1415
Jan
Hus burned at the stakein Konstanz (Constance),
Germany (7/6/1415)
Southamptom
Plot attempt to overthrow Henry V is thwarted (7/31-8/11)
Protestatio
Bohemorum - Moravian/Bohemian princes send protest letter to Council of
Constance (9/2/1415)
Battle
of Agincourt - St Crispians Day - Henry V defeats French (10/25/1415)
Henry
V invades France and defeats the French at Agincourt
Emperor
Sigisimund makes Frederick VI of Hohenzollern regent of Brandenburg
Portugese
capture Cueta
Council
of Constance
Lorand
Lepes
+
(Transylvania)
Prince
(Vice-voivode)
John
XXIII (antipope)
-
Pisa
(Baldassarre Cossa)
Bouts,
Dieric
1415-1475
Painter
Chrysoloras,
Manuel
1355-1415
Hus,
Jan
1369-1415
1416
Owen
Glendower dies
Council
of Constance
Ferdinand I
-
(Aragon)
Alfonso V
+
(Aragon)
the
Magnaminous
Francesca, Piero
della
1416-1492
Painter
(Italy) (1426-)
Squarcialupi, Antonio di
Bartolomeo
1416-1480
Musician
Jerome of
Prague
1370-1416
1417
Great (Western) Schism ends -
Martin V
elected pope - Council of Constance ends
Council of Constance
Frederick Hohenzollern
becomes Frederick I - Elector of Brandenburg - rise of Hohenzollern
Dynasty
(-1918)
Frederick I
+
(Brandenburg)
Hohenzollern
Dynasty (Elector) (-1440)
Martin V
+
(-1431)
1418
Council of Constance ends (4/22)
Mircea the Old
-
(Walachia)
Prince
1419
First Defenestration of
Prague - Hussites under Jan Zizka throw burgomeister et al from the
windows
(7/30)
Bohemia has no effective
king at the death of Wenceslaus IV (-1436)
Death of Tsong-kha-pa
Wenceslaus IV -
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty
Sigismund
+
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Hungary)
Tsongkhapa
1357-1419
Founder
of Geluk Tibetan Buddhism
1420
Work on the Dome of Florence Cathedral begins - design by Brunelleschi (-1436)
Imitatio Christi (Thomas a
Kempis)
Battle of Sudomer -
first
pitched battle of the Hussite Wars - Hussites under Jan Zizka
victorious (3/25/1420)
Peace of Troyes - Henry V
acknowledged as heir to French throne - marries Charles' VI's daughter
Catherine
John Zizka, Hussite military
leader expels Emperor Sigismund from Bohemia
Portuguese reach Madiera
Islands
Squarcialupi Codex
Old Hall Manuscript
Trent Codices (-1480)
Fouquet,
Jean
1420-1481
Painter
(France)
D'ailly,
Pierre
1350-1420
1421
Witowt of Lithuania is
elected antiking of Bohemia - sends nephew Sigismund Korybut as vicar
Peking is the capital of
Ming China
Battle of Bauge - combines
French and Scottish force defeats England
Witowt of Lithuania
+
(Bohemia)
(-1427) elected
antiking
Muhammed I
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Murad II
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
1422
Paston Letters (-1509)
Henry V King of England
dies (8/31)
Charles VI King of France
dies (10/22)
Charles VII Dauphin until
1429
Battle of Kutna Hora - John
Zizka, Hussite military leader routs Emperor Sigismund again
Ottomans control Bulgaria (-1877)
Charles VI le Fou
-
(France)
(1380-) King
Charles VII +
(France)
(-1461) King
Henry V
-
(England)
(1413-) King
Henry VI
+
(England)
(-1461) King
Taj ud din Feroz Shah - (Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shahab ud din Ahmad I + (Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah (capital at Bidar)
Papal Choir in Rome has ten
singers
Littleton,
Thomas
1422-1481
Jurist
(England)
Montefeltro, Federigo
di
1422-1482
Politician
(Urbino)
1423
The Battle of Horice -
Orebite Hussites decisively defeat the Bohemian Catholics (4/27/1423)
Yaduraya
-
(Mysore)
Wodeyar
Chamaraja Wodeyar I +
(Mysore)
Hiriya
Bettada (-1459)
Benedict XIII (antipope) - aka
Pedro de Luna
Clement VII (antipope) +
1424
Battle of Cravant - John
Duke of Bedford regent for Henry VI of England defeats the French
Battle of Verneuil - England
defeats Scottish forces
Emperor Yung-lo dies
Ernst
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Leopold
1425
Kale Kye-Taung Nyo becomes King of Ava - has 8 year-old nephew King Min Hla murdered
Paradiso degli Alberti
(Giovanni da Prato)
Manuel II
-
(Byzantine
Empire)
John VIII +
(Byzantine
Empire)
Basil I
-
(Russia)
Grand
Duke of Moscow
Basil II
+
(Russia)
Grand
Duke of Moscow
Youcef III
-
(Granada)
Mahommed VII + (Granada)
Charles III
-
(Navarre)
the
Noble
Blanca and Don John + (Navarre)
Frederick I
Wettin
(Saxony)
Elector
Chengzu
-
(China)
(1403-) 3rd
Ming Dynasty (Yongle Era)
Renzong
+
(China)
(-1426) 4th
Ming Dynasty (Hongxi Era)
Benedict XIV (antipope) +
White notation in England
1426
Renzong
-
(China)
(1425-) 4th
Ming Dynasty (Hongxi Era)
Xuanzong
+
(China)
(-1436) 5th
Ming Dynasty (Xuande Era)
Eyck,
Hubert van
1366-1426
Painter
1427
Portuguese discover Azores
Islands (1432)
Mahommed VII
-
(Granada)
Mahommed VIII
+-
(Granada)
Mahommed VII +
(Granada)
rethroned
Witowt of Lithuania
-
(Bohemia)
(1421-) elected
antiking
1428
English begin siege of
Orleans
Annam independent
Aztec Triple Alliance forms
between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
Masaccio
1401-1428
1429
History of Florence (Leonardo
Bruni)
Siege of Orleans
Jeanne d'Arc appointed
military commander - raises seige of Orleans
Charles VII crowned king of
France at Rheims
Giovanni de Medici dies
Clement VII (antipope) -
Gerson,
John
1363-1429
1430
Burgundians capture Jeanne
d'Arc and hand her over to the English
Benedict XIV (antipope) -
Bellini,
Giovanni
1430-1516
Busnois,
Antoine
1430-1492
Composer
Crivelli,
Carlo
1430-1495
Tura,
Cosme
1430-1495
Pizan, Christine
de
1365-1430
Rublev,
Andrei
1370-1430
Painter
(Russia)
1431
Joan of Arc executed (burned) as a
witch at Rouen (5/30/1431)
Henry VI of England crowned
king of France in Paris
Khmer city of Angkor falls
(abandoned)
Mahommed VII
-
(Granada)
rethroned
Ebn Alhamar
+-
(Granada)
*****
Martin V -
Eugene IV +
Mantegna,
Andrea
1431-1506
Villon,
Francois
1431-1463
Joan of Arc
1412-1431
1432
Battle of San Romano -
Florence defeats Siena (6/1)
Alexander the Good
-
(Moldavia)
Prince
Mahommed VII +
(Granada)
rethroned
Eugene IV ...
1433
Cosimo de Medici imprisoned by the Abizzi family (9/7/1433)
Cape Bojador rounded
(doubled) by Gil Eannes
John I
-
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Edward I
+
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Eugene IV ...
Ficino,
Marcilio
1433-1499
1434
Battle of Lipany -
Ultraquists defeat Taborites (radical Hussites) - Procopius killed
(5/30)
Hussite Wars end - moderate
Utraquists defeat radical Taborites in Bohemia
Medici rise in Florence
(-1494)
First consignment of slaves
brought to Lisbon from Africa
Cosimo de Medici
+
(Florence)
ruler
Ladislaus II
-
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
Ladislaus III of Varna +
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
Eugene IV ...
1435
Congress of Arras (9/1435)
Treaty of Arras - Charles
VII wins Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy as an ally
Treaty of Arras - Philip the
Good recognizes Charles VII as king of France - exempted from homage
Treaty of Arras - England
refuses to relinquish claim to French throne
French raid by Xantrailles
and La Hire
Engelbrekt
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Engelbrektsson) (regent)
Shahab ud din Ahmad I - (Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah (capital at Bidar)
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Memling,
Hans
1435-1494
Painter
Tinctoris,
Johannes
1435-1511
Music
Theorist
Van der Goes,
Hugo
1435-1482
Verrocchio, Andrea
del
1435-1488
1436
Della Pittura (Alberti)
Florence Cathedral, with dome now complete is consecrated by Pope
Eugene IV (3/25/1436)
First day of the Florentine calendar
Compactata - Utraquists
return to communion with Roman Catholic Church - Utraquism religion in
Bohemia
Hapsburgs and House of
Burgundy control Netherlands (Holland) (-1493)
Engelbrekt
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Engelbrektsson) (regent)
Ala ud din Ahmad II +
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah
Xuanzong
-
(China)
(1426-) 5th
Ming Dynasty (Xuande Era)
Yingzong
+
(China)
(-1450) 6th
Ming Dynasty (Zhengtong Era)
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Nuper rosarum
flores
(Guillaume Dufay)
Muller, Johannes
(Regiomantus)
1436-1476
1437
James I of Scotland murdered
at Perth
James I
-
(Scotland)
King
(murdered)
James II
+
(Scotland)
King
Sigisimund (Luxemburg) - (Holy
Roman
Empire)
(1410-) Emperor
Sigismund
-
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Hungary)
Albert
+
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Austria)
Sigisimund
-
(Hungary)
King
Albert
+
(Hungary)
King
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
bravanel, Don
Isaac
1437-1508
1438
Council of Basel at Ferrara (1/10/1438)
Inca Empire established in
Peru (1438-1538)
Albert II
+
(Holy
Roman
Empire)
Emperor (Hapsburg)
Lorand Lepes
-
(Transylvania)
Prince
(Vice-voivode)
Karl Knutsson
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (regent)
Edward I
-
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Alfonso V Africano
+
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Pachacuti
+
(Inca
Empire)
King
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
1439
Council of Basel transfers to Florence from Ferrara -
discussing end to Great Schism (1/1439)
The taille becomes a
permanent land tax in France
Prince Henry the Navigator -
son of John I of Portugal founds naval institute at Sagres
Colonization of Azores
begins with people from Algarve and Alentejo regions of Portugal
Amadeus
VIII
Eric VII
-
(Denmark)
of
Pomerani
Albert II (Hapsburg) -
(Holy
Roman Empire)?
Albert V
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Albert
Ladislaus
+
(Austria)
Duke
House of Albert
Albert
-
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Austria)
Ladislas
+
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (Posthumus)
Albert
-
(Hungary)
King
Elizabeth
+
(Hungary)
Queen
Eric XIII
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (from Pomerania) (VII Dn)
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Felix V
(antipope) +
Ambrose the
Camaldulian
1386-1439
1440
On the True Good (Lorenzo Valla)
The Praguerie is put down by
Charles VII
Charles, duc d'Orleans
ransomed from England by Philip the Good of Burgundy
Frederick III
+
(Holy
Roman
Empire)
(-1493) Emperor (Hapsburg)
Frederick I
-
(Brandenburg)
(1417-) Elector
(Hohenzollern)
Frederick II
+
(Brandenburg)
(-1470) Elector
(Hohenzollern)
Elizabeth
-
(Hungary)
Queen
Ladislaus I of Poland +
(Hungary)
King
Christopher III
+
(Denmark)
of
Bavaria
Karl Knutsson
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (regent)
Christopher of Bavaria +
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Meistersinger in Germany
Canonici
Dufay
et al
Dez Prez, Josquin
1440-1521
Composer
(1450)
Frederick I
Hohenzollern
1371-1440
Elector
(Brandenburg)
1441
Francesco Sforza marries
Bianca Maria Visconti (10/25)
Peace of Cremona - wars
against the Visconti in Northern Italy come to a truce (11/20)
Iancu of Hunedoara
+
(Transylvania)
Prince
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
King's College Choir forms
(Cambridge)
Boiardo, Matteo
Maria
1441-1494
Van Eyck,
Jan
1390-1441
1442
Alfonso II is crowned at
Naples (6/12)
Mircea replaces Vlad II
Dracul as ruler of Wallachia
Eric III of Pomerania
- (Norway)
Christopher III
+
(Norway)
of
Bavaria
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
1443
Battle of St. Jakob an der
Sihl - Old Swiss Confederacy defeats Zurich (7/22)
Albanians under Skanderberg
defeat the Turks
Battle of Nis - John
Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania defeats Turks
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Matarazzo, Francesco
1443-1518
Historian/Humanist
1444
Truce signed between France
and England
Lorenzo Valla proves the
falsity of the donation of Constantine
Battle of Varna - Ottomans
defeat Christian (Hungarian - Polish) "Crusade"
Ladislaus I of Poland
-
(Hungary)
King
Ladislaus V
+
(Hungary)
King
Ladislaus III of Varna -
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
Casimir IV
+
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
Murad II
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Mehmet II
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan (Mohammed)
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Bramante
1444-1514
Sforza, Galeazzo
Maria
1444-1476
Duke
of Milan
Albo,
Joseph
1380-1444
Bruni,
Leonardo
1374-1444
Campin,
Robert
1375-1444
1445
Kazan becomes capital of
independent Tatar khanate
Portuguese reach the Senegal
Portuguese pass Cape Verde
Mahommed VII
-
(Granada)
rethroned
Ebn Ostman
+
(Granada)
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Botticelli,
Sandro
1445-1510
(1444-)
Carnevale,
Fra
1445-1484
Pacioli,
Luca
1445-1514
Signorelli,
Luca
1445-1523
Power,
Leonel
1370-1445
Musician
1446
Alvaro Fernandezs reaches
almost as afar as Sierra Leone - probabably farthest point reached
before 1460
Mehmet II
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan (Muhammed)
Murad II
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Eugene IV ...
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Perugino
1446-1523
Brunelleschi,
Filippo
1377-1446
1447
Vatican Library founded
Filippo Maria Visconti dies -
beginning of the short-lived Ambrosian Republic in Milan (8/13)
Union of Poland and
Lithuania
Eugene IV -
(Patriarchate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Nicholas V +
(Patriarchate
of Rome)
(1447-1455)
Commines, Philippe
de
1447-1511
1448
Second Battle of Kosovo -
Ottoman victory - Ottoman domination of the Balkans (10/17-20)
John VIII
-
(Byzantine
Empire)
Constantine XI
+
(Byzantine
Empire)
Dragases
Christopher III
-
(Denmark)
of
Bavaria
Christian I
+
(Denmark)
Christopher of Bavaria -
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung
Charles VIII
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Christopher III
+
(Norway)
of
Bavaria
Christian I
+
(Norway)
Trailok
+
(Siam)
(-1488)
1449
Lorenzo de Medici is born
(1/1/1449)
Constantine XI is crowned
Byzantine emperor (1/6/1449)
Oriats raids China
Felix V (antipope) - aka
Amadeus VIII
Ghirlandaio,
Domenico
1449-1494
Medici, Lorenzo di Piero
de
1449-1492
Beg,
Ulugh
1394-1449
1450
Battle of Cherbourg -
English are expelled from Normandy
Promulgation of the
"Palace Law" of Siam
Zurich is admitted back into
Old Swiss Confederacy - ends Old Zurich War
Vatican Library founded by
Nicholas V
Francesco Sforza
+
(Milan)
(-1466) Duke
Yingzong
-
(China)
(1436-) 6th
Ming Dynasty (Zhengtong Era)
Taizong
+
(China)
(-1457) 7th
Ming Dynasty (Jingtai Era)
Flemish School flourishes
Bosch, Heironymus
(Jerome)
1450-1516
Painter
Isaac,
Heinrich
1450-1517
Obrecht,
Jacob
1450-1505
Composer
Schongauer,
Martin
1450-1491
Pletho, Georgius
Gemistus
1355-1450
1451
Syed dynasty ends in India -
Lodi sultans succeed
Lodi Dynasty in India
(-1526)
Murad II
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Mehmet II
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan (Muhammed the Conqueror)
Bahlul Khan Lodi
+
(Lodi
Dynasty)
Columbus,
Christopher
1451-1506
Gafori,
Franchino
1451-1522
Musician
1452
Rome crowns Frederick III
emperor - last emperor crowned in Rome
Fundamentum
organisandi
(Conrad
Paumann)
pedagogical book
Da Vinci,
Leonardo
1452-1519
Painter/Inventor
Richard
III
1452-1485
King
(Duke of Gloucester, England)
Savonarola,
Girolamo
1452-1498
Vespucci,
Amerigo
1452-1512
1453
END OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Mehmet II begins the siege
of Constantinople (4/2)
Fall of Constantinople -
Byzantine Empire ends and beginning of Istanbul as Ottoman capital
(5/29/1453)
Battle of Castillon -
English forced to withdraw from Guienne - Earl of Shrewsbury is
killed (7/17)
Hundred Years War Ends -
French recapture Bordeaux - English retain Calais (10/19/1453)
Henry VI becomes insane
Constantine XI
-
(Byzantine
Empire)
Dragases
Afonso de
Albuquerque
1453-1515
Explorer
(Alhandra,
Portugal)
Dunstable,
John
1369-
(1390-1453) Musician (12/24)
1454
Printing by movable type
perfected in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg
BEGINNING OF RENAISSANCE
Peace of Lodi - established
power balance between Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples &Papal States
(4/9)
(-1455)
Richard - Duke of York - is
regent of England while Henry VI is insane
Ebn Ostman
-
(Granada)
Ebn Ismail
+
(Granada)
John II
-
(Castile)
Henry IV
+
(Castile)
Poliziano,
Angelo
1454-1494
Poet
(Florence)
1455
War of the Roses in England
- civil wars in England between royal houses of York and Lancaster
(-1485)
Henry VI recovers - Richard
of York is replaced by Somerset and excluded from the Royal Council
Battle of St. Albans -
Somerset defeated and killed
Cadamosto - Venetian sailor
- explores the Senegal and Gambia rivers discovers Cape Verde Islands
(-1457)
Prinzenraub - Saxon princes
and brothers Albert and Ernest are kidnapped
Nicholas V -
Calixtus III
+
(Patriarchate
of
Rome)
(-1458)
Lochamer Liederbuch
Angelico,
Fra
1387-1455
Ghiberti,
Lorenzo
1378-1455
Sculptor
(Florence)
1456
Mazarin Bible (Gutenberg press)
1st book printed from moveable type
Giannozzo Manetti enters the
service of King Alfonso of Naples
Battle of Belgrade -
Hungarians check Ottoman advance into Europe
Turks capture Athens
Portuguese reach Cape Verde
Islands
Ebn Ismail
-
(Granada)
Moulay Hacen
+
(Granada)
Iancu of Hunedoara
-
(Transylvania)
Prince
Petru Aaron
-
(Walachia)
Prince
Vlad the Impaler
+
(Walachia)
Prince
Coeur,
Jacques
1395-1456
1457
Edo Castle in Tokyo is built
Charles VIII of Sweden is
deposed by rebellion led by Jans Bengtsson and Eric AxelssonTott
Stephan III becomes voivode
of Moldavia from assisstence by Vlad III of Wallachia
Ladislaus
-
(Austria)
Duke
House of Albert
Albert VI
+
(Austria)
Duke
House of Leopold
Frederick V
+
(Austria)
(-1493) Archduke
H. of Leopold (Frederick III)
Ladislas
-
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (Posthumus)
George
+
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Podebrad) (1458)
Ladislaus V
-
(Hungary)
King
Stephen the Great
+
(Moldavia)
Prince
Charles VIII
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Christian I of Denmark +
(Sweden)
(1457-1464) House
of Folkung
Pasquale Malipiero +
(Venice)
(1457-1462) 66th Doge
Taizong
-
(China)
(1450-1457) 7th
Ming Dynasty (Jingtai Era)
Yinzong +
(restored)
(China)
(1457-1465) 6th/8th
Ming Dybasty (Tianshun Era)
Lippi,
Filippino
1457-1504
1458
Matthias I Corvinus becomes
King of Hungary (1/24)
Pope Pius II succeeds
Calixtus III as the 210th pope (8/19)
Turks issue a decree to
protect the Acropolis after conquering Athens
Alfonso V
-
(Aragon)
the
Magnaminous
John II
+
(Aragon)
Matthias Corvinus
+
(Hungary)
(-1490) King
Ala ud din Ahmad II -
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah
Ala ud din Humayun + (Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah
Calixtus III
-
(Patriarchate
of
Rome)
(1455-)
Pius II +
Sannazaro,
Jacopo
1458-1530
1459
Council of Mantua- Pius II covenes (6/1/1459)
Battle of Blore Heath -
Yorkists defeat Lancastrians - link up with York at Ludlow Castle (9/23/1459)
Ottomans conquer Serbia
(1459-1829)
Jodhpur is founded by Rao
Jodha, Rajput chief of the Rathore clan, future Marwar state
Platonic Academy founded in
Florence by Cosimo de Medici
Chamaraja Wodeyar I -
(Mysore)
Hiriya
Bettada (1423-)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I +
(Mysore)
Maximilian
I
1459-1519
Emperor
(Germany)
1460
Orfeo (Poliziano)
Treaty of Ribe - Schleswig
and Holstein should never be separated from each other (3/5/1460)
Battle of Northampton -
Yorkists capture Henry VI (7/10/1460)
Seige of Roxburgh Castle - James
II of Scotland is killed when one of his cannon explodes (9/3/1460)
Richard, Duke of York enters Council chamber and puts his hand on the
throne - shocking the lords (10/10/1460)
Act of Accord - Henry VI to stay king until death,
his son Edward is disinherited, and York to succeed (10/25/1460)
Battle of Wakefield-
Richard, Duke of York is defeated and killed (12/30/1460)
Earl of Warwick (the
Kingmaker) captures London for the Yorkist
Turkey conquers Greece
Turks conquer Morea
James II
-
(Scotland)
0
James III
+
(Scotland)
Messe se la face ay pale
(Guillaume Dufay)
David,
Gerard
1460-1523
La Rue, Pierre
de
1460-1518
Musician
Binchois,
Gilles
1400-1460
Musician
Henry the
Navigator
1395-1460
Explorer
(Portugal)
1461
Battle of Mortimer's Cross
and Towton - Edward VI - Richard, Duke of York's son - defeats Lancastrians and is
made king
(2/2/1461)
Alexander I Jagiellon is
born (future king of Poland) (8/5/1461)
Turks capture Trebizond -
last surviving Greek state (8/15/1461)
Charles VII
-
(France)
(1422-) King
Louis XI
+
(France)
(1461-1483)
King
Henry VI
-
(England)
(1422-1461) King
Edward IV
+
(England)
(-1470) King
(s. Richard of York)
Basil II
-
(Russia)
Grand
Duke of Moscow
Ivan III the Great
+
(Russia)
(1461-1505)
Grand
Duke of Moscow
Ala ud din Humayun -
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
Shah
Nizam ud din Ahmad III + (Bahmani
Dynasty)
(-1463) Shah
Charles
VII
1403-1461
King
of France
1462
Castile captures Gibraltar
from Arabs
Pasquale
Malipiero - (Venice)
(1457-1462) 66th Doge
Vlad the Impaler
-
(Walachia)
Prince
Radu I
+
(Walachia)
Prince
Cosimo, Piero di
1462-1521
Pomponatius
1462-1524
1463
Ottoman Turks and Venetians
at war (-1479)
Turks conquer Bosnia
Albert VI
-
(Austria)
(1457-) Duke
House of Leopold
Nizam ud din Ahmad III - (Bahmani
Dynasty)
(1461-) Shah
Shams ud din III
+
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
Muhammad Shah
Mirandola, Pico
della
1463-1494
Villon,
Francois
1431-1463
1464
Cosimo de' Medici dies (8/1/1464)
Edward IV marries Elizabeth
Woodville
Accession of sonni Ali Ber
of Songhai
Sunni Ali Ber
+
(Songhay
Kingdom
/Mali)
(1464-1492)
Christian I of Denmark -
(Sweden)
(1457-) House
of Folkung
Charles VIII
+
(Sweden)
(-1465) House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Pius II -
Paul II +
Medici, Cosimo de'
1389-1464
Ruler of Florence
Nicolas of
Cusa
1401-1464
Van der Weyden,
Roger
1399-1464
1465
Edward IV imprisons Henry VI
League of the Public Weal -
Dukes of Alencon, Berri, Burgundy, Boubon, and Lorraine against Louis XI
Charles VIII
-
(Sweden)
(1464-) House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Jons Bengtsson
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Oxenstierna) (regent)
Yinzong -
(restored)
(China)
(1457-) 6th/8th
Ming Dybasty (Tianshun Era)
Xianzong
+
(Ming
China)
(1465-1488)9th Emperor (Chenghua
Era)
Boccaccino,
Boccaccio
1465-1525
Boece,
Hector
1465-1536
Tetzel,
Johann
1465-1519
1466
Medici travel back to Florence from summer retreat
narrowly escaping assassination and coup d'etat (8/26/1466)
Warwick's quarrels with
Edward IV begin
Warwick forms alliance with
Louis XI
Second Peace of Thorn -
Poland gains much of Prussia from the Teutonic Knights
Jons Bengtsson
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Oxenstierna) (regent)
Erik Axelsson Tott
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (regent)
Francesco I Sforza
-
(Duchy
of
Milan)
(1450-)
Galeazzo Maria Sforza + (Duchy
of
Milan)
Erasmus
1466-1536
(1469)
Donatello, Donato de Bardi
detto
1386-1466
Sforza, Francesco
I
1401-1466
Duke/Condottieri
(Milan)
1467
Charles the Bold becomes
Duke of Burgundy - chief rival of Louis XI
Civil wars start in Japan -
last more than 100 years
Charles the Bold
+
(Burgundy)
(-1477) Duke
Charles VIII
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Erik Axelsson Tott
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (regent)
1468
Margaret of York marries
Charles the Bold
Sonni Ali captures Timbuktu
from the Tuareg - founds the Songhai Empire in West Africa
Cajetan
1468-1534
Gutenberg,
Johann
1397-1468
1469
Marsilio Ficino completes
Latin translation of Plato's dialogues - first complete translation
Lorenzo de' Medici and Clarice Orsini married by proxy (2/7/1469)
Clarice Orsini arrives in Florence (6/4/1469)
Marriage of Ferdinand of
Aragon and Isabella of Castile - unites Spain (10/19/1469)
Piero di Cosimo de Medici dies of gout and lung disease, ruler of Florence (12/2/1469)
Matthias
+
(Bohemia)
(-1471) Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Hungary) rival
Lorenzo the Magnificent +
(Florence)
Gama, Vasco
Da
1469-1524
Guru
Nanak
1469-1538
Machiavelli,
Niccolo
1469-1527
Lippi,
Filippo
1406-1469
1470
Warwick turns Lancastrian -
defeats Edward IV and restores Henry VI
Portuguese arrive at Ghana
for the first time
Turks seize Negroponte from
the Venetians
Edward IV
-
(England)
(1461-) King
(deposed)
Henry VI
+
(England)
(-1471) King
(restored)
Charles VIII
-
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Sten Sture the Elder
+
(Sweden)
(1470-1497)
House
of Folkung (regent)
Frederick II
-
(Brandenburg)
(1440-) Elector
(Hohenzollern)
Albert Achilles
+
(Brandenburg)
(1470-1486)
Elector
(Hohenzollern)
Abravanel,
Judah
1470-1530
Grunewald,
Matthias
1470-1528
Daret,
Jacques
1404-1470
1471
Battle of Barnet - Edward IV
defeats and kills Warwick
Henry VI dies in the Tower
of London - probably murdered
Portuguese under Alfonso V
take Tangier from Muslims
Three Leagues Alliance between
League of God's House,League of Ten Jurisdictions, and Grey League
(Grisons)
Henry VI
-
(England)
(1470-) King
(murdered)
Edward IV
+
(England)
(1471-1483)
King
(restored)
George
-
(Bohemia)
Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Podebrad)
Matthias
-
(Bohemia)
(1469-) Luxemburg
Dynasty (of Hungary) rival
Ladislas II
+
(Bohemia)
(1471-1516)
Lux.
Dynasty (Vladislav)
Paul II -
Sixtus IV +
Durer,
Albrecht
1471-1528
Kempis, Thomas
a
1380-1471
Malory, Sir
Thomas
1408-1471
Writer
(England)
1472
Venetians destroy Smyrna
Battle of Otluk-beli - Turks
under Mohammed II defeat the Persian ruler and chief ally of Venice -
Uzan
Hasan
Portuguese discover island
of Fernando Po (Guinea)
Portuguese reach Benin's
major seaport of Gwato
Bartolommeo,
Fra
1472-1517
Cranach,
Lucas
1472-1553
Alberti, Leon
Battista
1404-1472
Bessarion, Johannes
(Basilius)
1395-1472
1473
Sistine Chapel construction
(Giovanni de Dolci)
The Bonci family rebuild St.
Andrew's Church and monastery in Venice
Almanach Cracoviensad annum
1474 (incunabulum: Poland's oldest known print)
Nicolas Copernicus is born
(2/19/1473)
Battle of Otlukbeli - Mehmed
II defeats the White Sheep Turkomans under Uzun Hasan (8/11/1473)
Axayacatl invades sister
city of Tlatelolco - Moquihuix, ruler of Tlatelolco is killed
Sten Sture the Elder
...
(Sweden)
(1470-1497)
H.
Folkung (regent)
Christian I
...
(Denmark)(Norway)
(1448-1481)(1450-1481) King
(Union)
James III
...
(Scotland)
(1460-1488)
King
(H. Stewart)
Edward IV
...
(England)
(1471-1483)2 King
(restored)
Louis XI
...
(France)
(1461-1483)
King
Nicholas I
-
(Lorraine)
(1470-1473)
Duke
Ren II
+
(Lorraine)
(1473-1508)
Duke
Charles I the Bold
...
(Burgundy)
(1467-1477)
Duke
Henry IV The Impotent ...
(Castile)
(1454-1474)
King
John II
...
(Navarre)(Aragon)
(1425-1479(1458-1479)
King
Alfonso V
...
(Portugal)
(1438-1481)
King
(H. Avis)
Frederick III
...
(HRE)
(1452-1493)
Emperor
(Leopold. Hapsburg)
Albert Achilles
...
(Brandenburg)
(1470-1486)
Elector
(Hohenzollern)
Ernest
...
(Saxony)
(1464-1486)
Elector
(Ernestine Founder)
Ladislas II
...
(Bohemia)
(1471-1516)
Lux.
Dynasty (Vladislav)
Frederick V
...
(Austria)
(1457-1493)
Archduke
House of Leopold
Matthias Corvinus
...
(Hungary)(Croatia)(Bohemia)
(1458-1490)(1469-1490) King
Sixtus IV
...
(Patriarchate
of
Rome)
(1471-1484)
Ivan III the Great
...
(Russia)
(1461-1505)
Grand
Duke of Moscow
James II The Bastard -
(Cyprus)
(1464-1473)
King
James III
+
(Cyprus)
(1473-1474)
King
(Infant)
Catherine Cornaro
+
(Cyprus)
(1473-1489)
Regent
(Queen 1474-)
Mehmet II
...
(Ottoman
Empire)
(1451-1481)2
Sultan
Husayn Bayqarah
...
(Timurid
Herat)
(1470-1506)
Ahmad ibn Abu Sa'id ... (Timurid
Samarkand)
(1469-1494)
Sultan
Xianzong
...
(Ming
China)
(1465-1488)
9th
Emperor (Chenghua Era)
Seongjong
...
(Joseon
Korea)
(1469-1494)
9th King
Go-Tsuchimikado
...
(Moromachi
Japan)
(1464-1500)
103rd Emperor
Yoshimasa
-
(Ashikaga
Shogunate)
(1449-1473)
8th Shogun
Yoshihisa
+
(Ashikaga
Shogunate)
(1473-1489)
9th Shogun
Bahlul Khan
...
(Delhi
Sultanate)
(1451-1489)
Sultan
(Lodhi Dynasty)
Susenphaa
...
(Ahom
Kingdom)
(1439-1488)
King
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I ... (Mysore
Kingdom)
(1459-1478)
Mohammed Shah III ...
(Bahmani
Sultanate)
(1463-1482)
Sultan
Mahmud Gawan
...
(Bahmani
Sultanate)
(1466-1481)
Vizier
Virupaksha Raya II
... (Vijayanagar
Empire)
(1465-1485)
Sangama Dynasty
???????????
(Ava
Kingdom)
(????-????)
??????????
(Ramanadesa
Kingdom)
(????-????)
Mon Kingdom of Peguan
Trailok
...
(Ayutthaya
Kingdom)
(1448-1488)
King
??????????????
(Lan
Xang
Kingdom)
(????-????)
King
Le Thanh Tong
...
(Vietnam)
(1460-1497)
King
(Le Dynasty)
??????????????
(Champa
Kingdom)
(????-????)
King
Mansur Shah
...
(Sultanate
of
Malacca)
(1459-1477)
4th Sultan
Qaitbay
...
(Mamluk
Egypt)
(1468-1496)
18th Sultan
(Burji Dynasty)
Baeda Maryam
...
(Ethiopia)
(1468-1478)
Negusa
Nagast
(Solomonic)
Sunni Ali Ber
...
(Songhay
Kingdom
/Mali)
(1464-1492)
Founder (15th Sonni
Dyn.)
Copernicus,
Nicolas
1473-1543
Wolsey,
Thomas
c.1473-1530
Prelate/Statesman
(England)
Nezahualcoyotl
1403-1473
1474
Louis XI goes to war against
Charles the Bold
Alliance forms between
Charles the Bold and Edward IV of England
War between Charles the Bold
and Swiss Confederation (1474-1477)
Triple alliance of Florence,
Venice, and Milan
Isabella succeeds to throne
of Castile
Henry IV
-
(Castile)
Isabella and Ferdinand V + (Spain)
Josquin des Prez sings in
the court chapel choir of the Sforza family in Milan (1474-1476)
Nautical Almanac (1474-1506)
by Regiomantus describes finding longitude by using lunar distances
Ariosto,
Ludovico
1474-1533
Poet
Ferrara
1474-1528
Dufay,
Guillaume
1400-1474
1475
Edward IV invades France
Peace of Piequigny - between
England and France
Turks conquer city of Kaffa
in Crimea
Radu I
-
(Walachia)
Prince
Giorgione
1475-1510
Painter
(Italy)
Michaelangelo
1475-1564
Bouts,
Dieric
1415-1475
Painter
Uccello,
Paolo
1397-1475
1476
William Caxton sets up
printing press at Westminster
Charles the Bold arrives in
front of Nancy - begins siege(10/22/1476)
Duke Galeazzo Sforza
murdered in Milan (12/26/1476)
Liber de natura et propriete
tonorum
Johannes Tinctoris
Fortescue,
John
1394-1476
Muller, Johannes
(Regiomantus)
1436-1476
Sforza, Galeazzo
Maria
1444-1476
Duke
of Milan
1477
Battle of Nancy
Charles the Bold dies in
Lorraine - Swiss and Rene, duke of Lorraine defeat Burgundians -
(1/5/1477)
Maximilian I, son of
Frederick III marries Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold at
Ghent
(8/18/1477)
Hapsburgs control Flanders
(1477-1795)
Art of
Counterpoint
Johannes
Tinctoris
Charles the Bold
-
(Burgundy)
(1467-1477)
Duke
killed at Battle of Nancy
Anne of
Brittany
1477-1514
Queen
of France
Charles the Bold
(Burgundy)
-
1478
Pazzi Conspiracy --Giuliano de Medici
assassinated on Easter Sunday -- stabbed nineteen times
in the Cathedral of Florence - Lorenzo escapes (4/26/1478)
Spanish Inquisition
established by Ferdinand and Isabella with the consent of Sixtus
IV-persecutes
Jews
Hungary gains Moravia and
Silesia
Ivan III conquers Novgorod
Republic and incorporates it into duchy of Moscow
Turks conquer Albania
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I -
(Mysore)
Chamaraja Wodeyar II +
(Mysore)
Hiriya
Castiglione,
Baldassare
1478-1529
Courtier
Giorgione
1478-1510
Painter
More,
Thomas
1478-1535
Philosopher
/ Statesman (England)
1479
Joanna
the Mad is born to Ferdinand and Isabella (11/6)
Castile
unites with Aragon after Ferdinand succeeds to the throne of Aragon
Treaty
of Constantinople- Venice agrees to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire
for
trading rights in Black Sea
Blanca
and Don John - (Navarre)
Leonor
+-
(Navarre)
Francisco
Febo
+
(Navarre)
John
II
-
(Aragon)
Ferdinand
II
+
(Aragon)
King
Merici,
Angela
1479-1540
1480
Great Stand on the Ugra
River (10)
Ivan III the Great ends
allegiance with the Tatars
Ivan III proclaimed Czar and
Autocrat of Russia
Turks besiege Rhodes - held
by the Knights of St. John
Trent
Codices
Dufay
et al
First
Masses
Obrecht
Altdorfer,
Albrecht
1480-1538
Lotto,
Lorenzo
1480-1557
Magellan,
Ferdinand
1480-1521
Margaret of
Austria
1480-1530
Hapsburg
Princess (d. Maximilian I)
Squarcialupi, Antonio di
Bartolomeo
1416-1480
Musician
1481
Inquisition proceedings
begin in Spain
Mohammed II dies - founder
of Ottoman Empire
Christian I
-
(Denmark)(Norway)
Hans
+
(Denmark)(Norway)
Francisco Febo
-
(Navarre)
Catalina
+
(Navarre)
and
Don John of Aragon
Alfonso V Africano
-
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
John II
+
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Muhammed II
-
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan (the Conqueror)
Bayezid II
+
(Ottoman
Empire)
Sultan
Peruzzi,
Baldassare
1481-1536
Fouquet,
Jean
1420-1481
Painter
(France)
Littleton,
Thomas
1422-1481
Jurist
(England)
1482
Elmina Castle construction
(Sao Jorge da Mina)- said to be the oldest European building south of
Sahara
Leonardo da Vinci travels to Milan to work
Portuguese settle Gold Coast
(Ghana)
Portuguese navigator Diego
Cao explores the Congo River (-1484)
Treaty of Arras - between
Louis XI of France and local governments of the
Netherlands
Moulay Hacen
-
(Granada)
Abou Abdilehi
+
(Granada)
Boabdil
Shams ud din III -
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
Muhammad Shah
Mahmud Shah
+
(Bahmani
Dynasty)
della Robbia,
Lucca
1400-1482
Sculptor
Montefeltro, Federigo
di
1422-1482
Politician
(Urbino)
Van der Goes,
Hugo
1435-1482
1483
Portuguese navigator Diego
Cao explores Angola and the Congo River - first voyage(-1484)
Edward V and his brother are
murdered in the Tower of London
Archduke Maximilian of
Austria recognizes Treaty of Arras
Aquisition of Burgundy by
France recognized
Portuguese threat to Spain
eliminated
Louis XI
-
(France)
(1461-)
Charles VIII
+
(France)
(-1498) King
Edward IV
-
(England)
(1471-) (s.
Richard of York)
murdered
Edward V
+-
(England)
*****
Richard III
+
(England)
(-1485) (u.
Edward V) (duke of Gloucester)
Papal Choir in Rome twenty
four
Luther,
Martin
1483-1546
Church
Reformer
Raphael
1483-1520
Painter
1484
Oration on the Dignity of
Man (Mirandola)
Morte D'Arthur (Malory)
printed
by Caxton
Diogo Cao receives coat of
arms from John II (4/14)
Discovery of Congo estuary
by Diogo Cao
Diogo Cao's second voyage
(1484-1486)
Sixtus IV
- (Patriarchate of Rome)
(1471-1484)
Innocent VIII
+
(Patriarchate
of
Rome)
(1484-1492)
Scalinger, Julius
Caesar
1484-1558
Tyndale,
William
1484-1536
Zwingli
1484-1531
Carnevale,
Fra
1445-1484
1485
De Re Aedificatoria
(Alberti)
Battle of Bosworth Field -
Henry Tudor (VII) defeats and kills Richard III - becomes first Tudor
monarch
(8/22/1485)
Tudor Dynasty in England
replaces Angevin dynasty (1485-1603)
Wettin Family Holdings in
Germany split into Ernestine and Albertine lines - Frederick I's sons
Hungary captures Vienna and
acquires lower Austria - Hungary becomes most powerful state in Central
Europe
Christopher Columbus first
presents his plan to the Portuguese court
Richard III
-
(England)
(1483-)
(u. Edward V) (Duke of Gloucester)
Henry VII
+
(England)
(-1509) (Tudor) (Earl of Richmond)
Cromwell,
Thomas
1485-1540
Statesman
(Putney, England)
Janequin,
Clement
1485-1558
Musician
Patinir,
Joachim
1485-1524
Vecellio, Tiziano
(Titian)
1485-1576
(1477-)
Verrazano, Giovanni
da
1485-1528
Richard
III
1452-1485
King
(Duke of Gloucester, England)
1486
Oration on the Dignity of
Man (Pico della Mirandola)
Accession of Maximilian I -
King of Germans
Henry VII marries Elizabeth
of York - unites houses of York and Lancaster
Albert Achilles
-
(Brandenburg)
Elector
(Hohenzollern) (-1486)
Srey Sukonthor
+
(Cambodia)
(-1512)
Auitzotl
+
(Aztec
Empire)
(-1502) Emperor (Chief Speaker)
Josquin des Prez sings in
the papal choir under Pope Innocent VIII in Rome (-1494)
Agrippa v. Nettesheim,
Henricus Cornelius
1486-1535
1487
Kremlin construction begins
Malleus Maleficarum (James
Sprenger/Heinrich Kramer)
Lambert Simnel is crowned
King Edward VI of England in Christchurch, Dublin - challenges Henry
VII (5/24)
Battle of Stoke Field -
Henry VII defeats pro-Lambert Simnel forces under John de la Pole -
ends ROW
(6/16)
Bartholomew Diaz leaves
Lisbon for journey around Cape of Good Hope (8)
Hongzhi becomes 10th Ming
Emperor of China (9/9)
Auitzotl, 8th Aztec Emperor
dedicates the Great Temple Pyramid of Tenochtitlan w/ "1000s" of
sacrifices
Spanish conquer M laga in
Andalusia
Sarto, Andrea
del
1487-1531
1488
Bartolomeu Diaz lands at
Mossel Bay (2/3/1488)
Bartolomeu Diaz rounds the
Cape of Good Hope
James III
-
(Scotland)
King
James IV
+
(Scotland)
King
Trailok
-
(Siam)
Xianzong
-
(China)
(1465-) 9th
Ming Dynasty (Chenghua Era)
Xiaozong
+
(China)
(-1506) 10th
Ming Dynasty (Hongzhi Era)
Glareanus
1488-1563
Musician
Van Orley,
Bernaert
1488-1541
Verrocchio, Andrea
del
1435-1488
1489
Cem, exiled Ottoman challenger to brother Bayezid II,
is transfered to Pope Innocent VIII in Rome - Bayezid II pays off pope (3/1489)
Catherine Cornaro, Queen of
Cyprus, sells her Kingdom to Venice (3/14/1489)
Treaty of Medina del Campo-
between England and Spain - for marriage bet. Arthur and Catherine
(3/26/1489)
Innocent VIII excommunicates and deposes Ferdinand I of Naples by
Papal Bull- offers throne to Charles VIII of France (Angevin
claim) (9/11/1489)
Arthur Tudor is named Prince
of Wales (11/29/1489)
Typhus sweeps through Spain,
first appearance in Europe
Bahlul Khan Lodi
-
(Lodi
Dynasty)
Sikandar Lodi
+
(Lodi
Dynasty)
Correggio, Antonio
Allegri
1489-1534
(-1494)
Cranmer,
Thomas
1489-1556
Churchman
(England)
Schwekfeld,
Kaspar
1489-1561
1490
Tirant lo Blanc
(Joanot
Martorell/Marti Joan de Galba)
(published in
Valencia) 1st "modern" novel?
Castanea Conspiracy- to poison Djem (Cem) and Pope Innocent VIII foiled -
Cristoforo Castanea pincered and quartered (5)
Marriage of Maximilian I to
Anne of Brittany by proxy (12/19/1490)
Yoshitane becomes Ashikaga
Shogun of Japan
Catholic Missionaries reach
Kingdom of Kongo
Small asteroid kills
thousands in China?
Matthias Corvinus
-
(Hungary)
King
Ladislas of Bohemia +
(Hungary)
King
Gombert,
Nicolas
1490-1556
Sermisy, Claudin
de
1490-1562
Musician
Willaert,
Adrian
1490-1562
Composer
1491
Henry VIII is born (6/28/1491)
Henry
VIII
1491-1547
Loyola,
Ignatius
1491-1556
Schongauer,
Martin
1450-1491
1492
Ferdinand
V of Castile captures Grenada -
ends Muslim influence in Spain (1/2/1492)
Boabdil
hands over keys of the city to Ferdinand (1/6/1492)
Ferdinand
and Isabella's Edict compelling Jews to convert to Christianity or
leave by
midnight August 2 (3/30/1492)
Lorenzo
de Medici dies (4/9/1492)
Memorandum
of Agreement (Capitulations) - between Columbus and Ferdinand and Isabella -
Spanish monarchs to
take 90% (4/17/1492)
Columbus
sails from Grenada to Palos to prepare for expedition (5/12/1492) (Saturday)
Pope Innocent VIII dies (7/25/1492)
Columbus
expedition embarks from bar of Saltes (8 am) (8/3/1492) (Friday)
Papal Conclave of 1492 - elects Roderigo Borgia pope (8/6-11/1492) Monday
Alexander
VI becomes Pope (8/11/1492) (Saturday)
Columbus
sees a light 50 miles off San Salvador (10 pm) (10/11/1492)
Christopher
Columbus lands in Bahamas at Guanahani island of the Lucayos (San Salvador)
(10/12/1492) (Friday)
Luis
de Torres and Adelantado de Murcia go on hike to the interior of
Cuba (11/2/1492)
Columbus
first hears about cannibals (11/4/1492)
Luis
de Torres and Adelantado de Murcia return from 12 league trek to the
interior
of Cuba (11/6/1492)
Two
eldest youths of the six captured on 11/6 run away (11/17/1492) (Saturday)
Pinzon
takes off without leave on the Pinta in search for gold (11/21/1492)
Columbus
meets antagonistic natives for the first time with spears raised
resisting them
at the shore (11/27/1492)
Columbus
reaches Hispaniola (12/5-6/1492)
Santa
Maria runs aground on Hispaniola - King Guacanagarix helps Columbus
offload
(12/25/1492)
Ferdinand
V of Castile conquers Granada - ends Muslim influence in Spain
Unification
of Spain
Ferdinand
and Isabella expel Muslims and Jews
Duchy
of Brittany annexed by France
Abou
Abdilehi
-
(Granada)
Boabdil
Casimir
IV
-
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
John
Albert
+
(Poland)
Jagiellon
Dynasty
Sunni
Ali Ber
-
(Songhay Kingdom
/Mali)
(1464-1492)
Innocent
VIII
-
(Patriarchate of Rome)
Alexander
VI
+
(Patriarchate of Rome)
Roderigo
Borgia
Jacob Obrecht at Antwerp
(-1504)
Busnois,
Antoine
1430-1492
Composer
Francesca,
Piero
della
1416-1492
Painter
(Italy)
Medici,
Lorenzo di Piero
de
1449-1492
1493
Columbus crew battle with
Caribs (1/13/1493)
Christpher Columbus
expedition returns to bar of Saltes, Spain (3/15/1493)
Frederick III, Homan Emperor dies while having leg amputated - Maximilian I takes over as sole ruler(8/19)
Columbus' second voyage
leaves Canary Islands (10/13)
Columbus reaches La Navidad
on Hispaniola (11/28)
Treaty of Senlis -
Maximilian forces Charles VIII of France to return Margaret of
Austria's
territorial dowry
Treaty of Senlis -
Maximilian regains Artois and Franche-Comte
Pope Alexander VI divides
newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
Songhai Empire reaches its
greatest height under askia Mohammed the Great
Askia Mohammed the Great
conquers much of the Mandingo Empire
Frederick III (Hapsburg) - (Holy
Roman Empire)
Frederick V
-
(Austria)
(1457-1493)
Archduke
House of Leopold
Maximilian I
+
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Paracelcus
1493-1541
1494
Ferdinand I King of Naples
dies, Alphonso II succeeds (1/25)
First Battle of Acentejo -
Guanches of Tenerife defeat Spanish invading force in the Canary
Islands (5/31)
Treaty of Tordesillas -
Divides New World between Spain and Portugal (6/7)
Gian Galleazo Sforza dies - 6th Duke of Milan - possibly poisoned by Ludovico Sforza (10/21)
Charles VIII enters Florence (11/17)
Charles VIII enters Rome (12/31)
Charles VIII invades Italy -
First French invasion of Italy - Fall of the Medici
Florentine Republic re-established
Statute of Drogheda
Philip I the Fair of the House of Hapsburg assumes
control of Burgundy
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Emperor / Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Ferdinand I
-
(Naples)
(1458-1494) King
Don Ferrante
Alphonso II
+
(Naples)
(1494-1495)
King
Philip the Handsome +
(Netherlands)
Count
(Son of Maximilian)
Radu the Great
+
(Walachia)
Prince
Francis
I
1494-1547
Sachs,
Hans
1494-1576
Boiardo, Matteo
Maria
1441-1494
Ghirlandaio,
Domenico
1449-1494
Memling,
Hans
1435-1494
Painter
Mirandola, Pico
della
1463-1494
1495
Briconnet named Cardinal (1/16)
Charles VIII enters Naples
without siege or pitched battle (2/22)
The Holy League (Lg. of
Venice) forms- Milan, Venice, HRE, Spain, and Pope - against Charles
VIII (3/31)
John II
-
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Emanuel I
+
(Portugal)
House
of Aviz
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Alphonso II
-
(Naples)
(1494-1495)
King
Ferdinand II
+
(Naples)
(1465-1496)
Gombert,
Nicolas
1495-1560
Composer
Rabelais,
Francis
1495-1553
Crivelli,
Carlo
1430-1495
Tura,
Cosme
1430-1495
1496
Henry VII gives John Cabot
patent to explore "...the eastern, western and northern sea" (3/5/1496)
Columbus sets sail back to
Spain (3/10/1496)
Philip the Fair marries
Joanna I daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella in Lier Belgium(10/20/1496)
Henry VII of England joins
the Holy League
Commercial treaty between
England and the Netherlands
Santo Domingo founded -
first European town in "New World"
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Ferdinand II
-
(Naples)
(1495-1496)
Practica
musicae
Gafori
Walter,
Johann
1496-1570
Composer
1497
Bonfire of the Vanities - massive quantity of art, books, and cosmetics
are burned by Savonarola's supporters in Florence (2/7/1497) Mardi Gras
John Cabot begins his voyage
to the west on the Matthew with a crew of 19 (5/2/1497)
John Cabot expedition
reaches Labrador or cape Breton (6/9/1497)
John Cabot begins his return
voyage (6/26/1497)
John Cabot and crew arrive
back in Bristol (8/1497)
Vasco de Gama begins his
voyage to Calicut from Lisbon
(7/18/1497)
(-1498)
Infante Don Juan dies -
Joanna now heir to Spanish throne (10/4/1497)
Jews expelled from Portugal
John Cabot explores
northeast coast from Newfoundland to Delaware
First voyage of Amerigo
Vespucci
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Sten Sture the Elder
-
(Sweden)
(1470-) House
of Folkung (regent)
Hans (John) II
+
(Sweden)
House
of Folkung (from Denmark)
La Deploration sur la mort
de Ockeghem
(Josquin des Prez)
Holbein,
Hans
1497-1543
Melanchthon
1497-1560
Ockeghem,
Johannes
1410-1497
1498
Savanarola
burned at the stake in Florence (5/23/1498)
Santo
Domingo officially founded on Hispaniola (8/5/1498)
Thomas
Wolsey ordained as a priest
Columbus
discovers Trinidad and South America
Vasco
de Gama of Portugal reaches India around Cape of Good Hope
Arrival
of Portuguese on East African coast - reach Mombasa
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Charles VIII
-
(France)
(1483-1498)
King
Louis XII
+
(France)
(1498-1515) King
(Orleans)
Venetian printer Ottavinio
dei Petrucci gains licence to print music
Ottavinio dei Petrucci
becomes first to print complete song collections from movable type
Vienna Boys Choir forms
Savonarola,
Girolamo
5/23
1452-1498
1499
Battle
of Dornach- Swiss Confederation defeated by
Hapsburg army under Maximilian
(7/22/1499)
Treaty
of Basel - ends Swabian War -
Basel enters Confederacy (1501)
(9/22/1499)
Louis
XII invades Italy
Amerigo
Vespucci sights coast of South America
Swabian War
Maximilian I ...
(Holy
Roman
Empire)(Austria)
(1493-1519)
Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Franck,
Sebastian
1499-1543
Ficino,
Marcilio
1433-1499
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